| Entry Type | Person |
| Surname | Ross |
| Forenames | James Clark |
| Pre Title | Sir |
| Epithet | naval officer and Polar explorer |
| Dates | 1800-1862 |
| Gender Identity | Male |
| History | James Clark Ross (1800-1862) joined the navy at the age of twelve in 1812. He spent six years serving under his uncle, John Ross, before the latter was invited to command his first Arctic expedition, the Voyage to Baffin Bay in 1818, on which voyage, James served as midshipman for his uncle aboard the HMS Isabella. He then served as a midshipman and later as a lieutenant (from 1822) on William Edward Parry’s Arctic expeditions between 1819-1827. In 1827, Ross received his commission as commander. He accompanied his uncle John Ross in the search for the North-West Passage aboard HMS Victory, in 1829-1833. During this expedition he found the North Magnetic Pole in 1831, although his uncle publicly claimed the credit for it as the commander of the expedition. He was appointed a captain in 1834 and took on the magnetic survey of the British Isles until 1838. In 1839, he was appointed as commander of the expedition to find the South Magnetic Pole, sailing in the two ships H.M.S. Erebus and Terrors, later made famous by Sir John Franklin's expedition. Although not able to find the southern pole, the expedition was a success, travelling the furthest south then recorded and discovering the Antarctic land mass. On his return to England in 1843 he retired from further sailing missions, physically and mentally drained. He married Ann Coulman on 18 Oct 1843; they had 4 children: James, Anne, Thomas and Andrew. at the time of his marriage he had promised Ann that his polar adventures were over, which meant that he turned down the opportunity to lead the Arctic expedition which Franklin accepted instead. In 1848, he came out of retirement to lead a search expedition for the lost Franklin expedition, but returned home without finding any trace of it late in 1849. He continued to live a quiet life with his family at Aston Abbotts, Buckinghamshire. His wife, Ann, died in 1857. |
| Relationships | Son of George Ross, a London businessman with Scottish roots; nephew of the naval officer and Arctic explorer John Ross |
| Key Events | Born 15 Apr 1800, possibly in Scotland; died 3 Apr 1862 at Aston Abbotts, Buckinghamshire |
| Address | Aston Abbotts in Buckinghamshire from c.1843 |
| Source | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online; The Polar Rosses by Ernest S. Dodge, 1973; Franklin: Tragic Hero of Polar Navigation, by Andrew Lambert, 2009 |
| Authorised Form of Name | Ross; Sir; James Clark (1800-1862); naval officer and Polar explorer |
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